Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the colon and rectum. Symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC) include, but are not limited to, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, blood and/or pus in stool, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. While doctors believe UC is linked to the immune system, the exact reason for ulcerative colitis is unknown. What we do know, however, is that certain foods and lifestyle habits can trigger a UC flare up or attack.

Unlike other health conditions in which doctors recommend patients consume more fiber as a measure for prevention or symptom management, with UC, patients should reduce their intake of fiber, especially during a UC flare-up or attack. In addition, make sure to formulate a diet as to avoid the foods listed below:

1. Cereals, pastas and whole grains
Foods containing significant amounts of fiber such as whole grains and cereals can make it difficult for those suffering from ulcerative colitis. In whole foods, the bran or the germ remain intact, therefore making the symptoms worse. Instead, choose breads, noodles, pastas and cereals that are enriched. Enriched grains contain lost nutrients that are added during processing. Cereals such as corn flakes, cream of wheat and puffed rice are enriched with fiber. Additional foods such as quinoa, brown rice, buckwheat, millet, wheat-berries, barley, wild rice and oats can also make UC symptoms worsen. Again, you don’t have to eliminate these foods altogether; however, you should consume them only in moderation.

2. Nuts and seeds
Nuts and seeds are filled with healthy fats. Unfortunately, for those with ulcerative colitis, they can create havoc. Most nuts are therefore on the not-to-eat food list. Walnuts, hazelnuts, pecans, cashews, macadamia, pistachios and almonds are all hard to digest when you have this condition. Seeds are another category of foods that need to be avoided as much as possible. Just like nuts, seeds can aggravate symptoms as they contain insoluble fiber that can cause gas, bloating, or other irritating side effects. Some of the seeds to avoid include millet, flax seeds, sesame seeds, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, and pine nuts.

3. Legumes
Legumes, such as peas, lentils and beans, are not only rich in protein but fiber as well. They contain mostly indigestible sugars which may cause ulcerative colitis to flare-up. So, make sure to avoid all types of legumes including chickpeas and edamame.

4. Fruits
Fruits should be eaten with care when you are suffering from ulcerative colitis or other bowel conditions. Since most fruits contain plenty of fiber on the outer skin, removing the skin and eating the flesh inside will be safe. Fruits can also be cooked until soft before eating. Canned fruits are safe to eat as long as they are not packed with added sugar. Most fruit juices are safe to drink as well, just make sure that the pulp is removed. Packaged juices are high in sugar and added fiber, so avoid them if possible. Better yet, read the labels to ensure that the amount of fiber is at the appropriate level.