Colon cancer originates in the lining tissues of the colon, a part of the large intestine. Increasing age and environmental factors are the primary causes for the development of this type of cancer but certain lifestyle factors and, rarely, genetics can also play a role in the development of this condition.

Beginning as a benign polyp in most cases, these growths, when removed, prevent colon cancer. A patient’s general health condition at the time of diagnosis of colon cancer and other medical conditions that might coexist.

The type and stage of colon cancer that has been discovered and the probable side effects are the basic factors that would determine which treatments should be used to treat colon cancer. The ideal thing to do: follow the advice of a multi-disciplinary team of specialists that include a physician, surgeon, medical and radiation oncologist, gastroenterologist, counselors, and dietitians. While removing the cancerous growth is the most appropriate thing to do, treating the symptoms and the side effects of certain treatment methods are equally essential.

The most commonly approached treatment for colorectal cancer is surgery. Many different types of medical procedures are helpful as well:

1. Polypectomy
This refers to the removal of polyps or benign growths, an abnormal collection of tissues, from inside of the colon. Depending on the size of the polyps, this procedure can either be non-invasive or done with an incision under general anesthesia. By sending a wire loop, the polyps are cut off with an electric current.

2. Local excision
In the early stages, colon cancer can be removed by inserting a tube with a cutting tool attached to it.

3. Anastomosis
In this case, large cancerous growths are targeted for surgery. An anastomosis is a procedure where healthy parts of the colon are sewn together after the cancer is removed surgically.

4. Colostomy
In case the colon cannot be joined together, a colostomy is performed to send waste materials out of the body. This procedure can be temporary or permanent. This depends on whether the surgery performed on the colon heals or the entire colon would need to be removed.

5. Radio-frequency ablation
Tiny electrodes that kill cancer cells are inserted through the skin or through incisions in the abdomen under general anesthesia. This is another standard treatment for colon cancer.

6. Adjuvant therapy
After the surgical procedures are completed to remove all possible cancer cells, chemotherapy and radiation therapy is advised. Chemotherapy is where anti-cancer medications are taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle. This treatment for colon cancer is sent through the bloodstream to reach all parts of the body. At times, chemotherapy is sent directly into the cerebrospinal fluid to reach specific areas in the body. Similarly, in radiation therapy, high-energy x-rays are aimed to kill cancer cells via external or internal methods.

It is important to discuss all available treatments for colon cancer with qualified doctors before making a final decision.